Plants exhibit primary and secondary growth to increase in size and girth. Primary growth, controlled by the apical meristem, results in lengthening of shoots and roots. It occurs in all plants and allows for vertical expansion. Secondary growth, regulated by the lateral meristem (vascular and cork cambium), leads to an increase in stem thickness, seen mainly in woody plants. The development of lateral branches and roots originates from specific meristematic regions, ensuring structural stability and efficient nutrient transport.
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