Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and archaea belong to this category, with genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm. Despite their simplicity, prokaryotic cells are highly efficient and play crucial roles in ecosystems, including decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and even biotechnology. Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells helps highlight the evolutionary differences between these two fundamental life forms.